DNA analysis
In recent years DNA analysis has become a popular tool with genealogists. The scientific details are far beyond the scope of this document. Yet it is necessary to understand the concept of DNA in order to see the potential value and the usefulness to genealogists
DNA is a molecule that contains instructions to your body. Think of a mile-long ladder where each rung is an instruction. Many instructions are common to all people, and some are different. Your size, your sex, the color of your hair are determined by the DNA molecule. Each child inherits DNA from both parents. And this is different than any other person. The similarities in the molecule reveal your parents, their parents, grandparents, and further back. Similarly, each ancestor has contributed to your DNA.
Many technical articles about DNA are available. The complexity of the molecule is illustrated below. The internet will explain this in whatever detail you want/
Half of your DNA comes from each parent, on quarter from each grandparent, and one eighth from each grandparent. You and your cousin have a common grandparent and the number of common DNA elements reveal this relationships
There are several private companies that will test your DNA and provide a list of individuals who share your DNA. We have used this to find several relatives starting with second cousins. Second cousins are descendent from the same grandfather. 50% of your DNA comes from each parent, 25% from each grandparent, and 12% from each great grandparent.
The DNA might identify your susceptibility to physical or mental problems. While that information may be useful to you. This information may also influence your suitability for certain careers. This introduces legal issues so DNA analysis must be protected.
I have paid two companies for a DNA analysis. A major function of the DNA analysis iOS identification of individuals that are related. Second function is to identify physical or mental features that are common in your DNA related group.For illustration, some of that information is copied here. This is a part that identifies features common to others in my DNA category (Haplogroup)
Richard Cline
Your Reports Summary
This is an overview of your 23andMe reports. It provides brief descriptions of your results but does not provide detailed information that may be important for understanding your results. 23andMe reports do not include all possible variants or account for other factors related to these conditions and traits.
Log into your 23andMe account for more details about each of your results. If you have concerns about your results, talk to a healthcare professional.
Genetic Health Risk Reports 4 highlighted reports of 9 reports available
Learn whether you have specific genetic variants that can influence your risk for certain health conditions. Consider talking to a healthcare professional if you have a personal or family history of one of these conditions or have concerns about your results.
Our reports do not include all possible genetic variants that could affect these conditions. Other factors can also affect your risk of developing these conditions, including lifestyle, environment, and family history.
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Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Variant detected, not likely at increased risk
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Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Variant detected, not likely at risk
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Celiac Disease
Slightly increased risk
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Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HFE‑Related)
Variant detected, not likely at increased risk
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BRCA1/BRCA2 (Selected Variants)
Variants not detected
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Late-Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Variant not detected
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Parkinson’s Disease
Variants not detected
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G6PD Deficiency
Variant not detected
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Hereditary Thrombophilia
Variants not detected
Carrier Status Reports 0 highlighted reports of 44 reports available
Learn whether you have specific genetic variants that may not affect your health, but could affect your children’s health.Consider talking to a healthcare professional before making any major lifestyle changes or if you have any concerns about your results.
If you see “Variant not detected” for a Carrier Status report, it means you’re not a carrier of the tested variant(s). Keep in mind that while our Carrier Status reports cover many variants, they don’t include all possible variants associated with each condition. So it’s still possible to be a carrier of a variant not included in our test.
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ARSACS
Variant not detected
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Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum with Peripheral Neuropathy
Variant not detected
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Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
Variant not detected
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Beta Thalassemia and Related Hemoglobinopathies
Variant not detected
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Bloom Syndrome
Variant not detected
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Canavan Disease
Variant not detected
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Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation Type 1a (PMM2-CDG)
Variant not detected
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Cystic Fibrosis
Variant not detected
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D-Bifunctional Protein Deficiency
Variant not detected
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Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase Deficiency
Variant not detected
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Familial Dysautonomia
Variant not detected
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Familial Hyperinsulinism (ABCC8-Related)
Variant not detected
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Familial Mediterranean Fever
Variant not detected
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Fanconi Anemia Group C
Variant not detected
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GRACILE Syndrome
Variant not detected
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Gaucher Disease Type 1
Variant not detected
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Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia
Variant not detected
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Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib
Variant not detected
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Hereditary Fructose Intolerance
Variant not detected
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Herlitz Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (LAMB3-Related)
Variant not detected
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Leigh Syndrome, French Canadian Type
Variant not detected
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Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2D
Variant not detected
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Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2E
Variant not detected
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Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Type 2I
Variant not detected
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MCAD Deficiency
Variant not detected
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Maple Syrup Urine Disease Type 1B
Variant not detected
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Mucolipidosis Type IV
Variant not detected
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Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (CLN5-Related)
Variant not detected
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Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (PPT1-Related)
Variant not detected
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Niemann-Pick Disease Type A
Variant not detected
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Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome
Variant not detected
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Nonsyndromic Hearing Loss and Deafness, DFNB1 (GJB2-Related)
Variant not detected
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Pendred Syndrome and DFNB4 Hearing Loss (SLC26A4-Related)
Variant not detected
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Phenylketonuria and Related Disorders
Variant not detected
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Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 2
Variant not detected
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Rhizomelic Chondrodysplasia Punctata Type 1
Variant not detected
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Salla Disease
Variant not detected
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Sickle Cell Anemia
Variant not detected
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Sjögren-Larsson Syndrome
Variant not detected
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Tay-Sachs Disease
Variant not detected
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Tyrosinemia Type I
Variant not detected
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Usher Syndrome Type 1F
Variant not detected
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Usher Syndrome Type 3A
Variant not detected
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Zellweger Syndrome Spectrum (PEX1-Related)
Variant not detected
Wellness Reports 2 highlighted reports of 8 reports available
Find out how your DNA may affect your body’s response to diet, exercise, and sleep. Consider talking to a healthcare professional before making any major lifestyle changes or if you have any concerns about your results.
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Alcohol Flush Reaction
Unlikely to flush
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Caffeine Consumption
Likely to consume more
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Deep Sleep
More likely to be a deep sleeper
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Genetic Weight
Predisposed to weigh about average
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Lactose Intolerance
Likely tolerant
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Muscle Composition
Common in elite power athletes
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Saturated Fat and Weight
Likely similar weight
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Sleep Movement
Likely more than average movement
Ancestry Reports 1 highlighted report of 5 reports available
Discover the story of your ancient ancestors, your origins, and your ancestral background.
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Ancestry Composition
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European
99.8%
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Scandinavian
37.6%
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British & Irish
21.2%
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French & German
5.3%
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Broadly Northwestern European
35.0%
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Broadly European
0.6%
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Sub-Saharan African
0.1%
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Broadly Sub-Saharan African
0.1%
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East Asian & Native American
Less than 0.1%
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Broadly East Asian
Less than 0.1%
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Maternal Haplogroup
H1
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Neanderthal Ancestry
Fewer Neanderthal variants than 82% of customers
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Paternal Haplogroup
R-M405
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Your DNA Family
1033 DNA Relatives
Traits Reports 0 highlighted reports of 30 reports available
Explore the genetics behind your appearance and senses.
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Ability to Match Musical Pitch
Less likely to be able to match a musical pitch
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Asparagus Odor Detection
Likely can smell
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Back Hair
Likely little upper back hair
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Bald Spot
Likely bald spot
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Bitter Taste
Likely can taste
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Cheek Dimples
Likely no dimples
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Cilantro Taste Aversion
Slightly higher odds of disliking cilantro
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Cleft Chin
Likely no cleft chin
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Earlobe Type
Likely detached earlobes
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Early Hair Loss
Likely hair loss
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Earwax Type
Likely wet earwax
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Eye Color
Likely brown or hazel eyes
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Fear of Heights
Less likely than average to be afraid of heights
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Finger Length Ratio
Likely ring finger longer
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Freckles
Likely little freckling
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Hair Photobleaching
Less likely to experience hair photobleaching
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Hair Texture
Likely straight or wavy
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Hair Thickness
Less likely to have thick hair
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Light or Dark Hair
Likely light
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Misophonia
Average odds of hating chewing sounds
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Mosquito Bite Frequency
Likely bitten less often than others
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Newborn Hair
Likely little baby hair
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Photic Sneeze Reflex
Likely no photic sneeze reflex
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Red Hair
Likely no red hair
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Skin Pigmentation
Likely lighter skin
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Sweet vs. Salty
Likely prefers salty
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Toe Length Ratio
Likely big toe longer
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Unibrow
Likely no unibrow
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Wake-Up Time
Likely to wake up around 7:05 am
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Widow’s Peak
Likely no widow’s peak
